Understanding the Fear of Cats

Understanding the Fear of Cats Phobias Types Print Understanding the Fear of Cats (Gatophobia) By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 24, 2019 Marlena Krzywicka ( Szymanska) / FOAP / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Known as both gatophobia and ailurophobia, the fear of cats is not as common as the fear of dogs.?? Nonetheless, the fear of cats can have profound effects on peoples daily lives, making it impossible to visit cat-loving friends and forcing them to limit their daily activities. Causes People are usually afraid of cats for two reasons: theyre afraid of the physical harm they may cause,?? or they associate them with evil.   Physical Harm Although it can be tough to remember when cuddling a tiny kitten, cats are, by nature, predators. Domesticated house cats retain many of the same basic instincts as lions, tigers, panthers and other large cats. Those who have been bitten or scratched by a cat in the past may be at higher risk of developing a phobia of cats.?? Some people are not afraid of indoor cats, particularly those that have been declawed  but are terrified of unfamiliar cats that they encounter outdoors. Some fear only male cats, which they perceive as being more threatening than females. Still, others are afraid of all cats and kittens, regardless of circumstances, because they witnessed or personally experienced a negative event with one. Fear of Evil Throughout history, cats have been alternately revered and reviled due to their alleged supernatural powers. In Ancient Egypt, cats were worshiped as deities. It was believed that they were under the special protection of Bast, goddess of fertility and of the moon. Deceased cats were often mummified and buried in the great cemeteries. Killing a cat, intentionally or accidentally, was often a capital offense. Perhaps no movement is as closely tied to the vilification of cats as the 17th-century witch hunts in both Europe and the American colonies. Beginning in the Middle Ages, cats were often seen as witches servants, nocturnal messengers capable of doing the witchs bidding. By the time of the Salem Witch Trials in 1692 and 1693, cats were widely believed to be witches links to the devil himself. Today, the fear of cats as harbingers of evil is typically rooted in a religion-based phobia. People who are undergoing a crisis of faith may be more likely to develop this fear. In some cases, the fear of evil is a sign of disordered thinking, but modern therapists are careful to take clients religious beliefs into account before making a diagnosis. How People Express Their Fear of Cats In some people, the fear of cats is so strong that it is triggered when thinking about a cat or kitten or hearing one purr. When it is triggered, a variety of reactions is possible. One of the more obvious ones is a fight-or-flight responseâ€"the person will quickly  run in the other direction. Others may have a panic attack. Avoidance is also common, where the person will do absolutely anything possible to not cross paths with a cat, both in real life and in more extreme cases on TV. Treatment As with most other phobias, psychotherapy and counseling sessions are usually necessary.?? A therapist may help figure out the root cause of the phobia, help put the fear in perspective, and then help you plan out steps and treatment for overcoming it. It may seem like a simple approach, but can be quite difficult to do on your own. One common therapy is gradual exposure to cats.?? With small steps, a person can become accustomed to cats. For example, they would first practice looking at pictures of cats, then watching videos and movies with cats, touching cat-like material, playing with a toy cat, and finally holding the real thing. These steps should be taken in controlled, comfortable settings with lots of support, both from the therapist and family members or friends. Throughout this process, relaxation and visualization techniques are often used. They also help reframe the persons mindset and methodically rationalize their fear. In some cases, hypnotherapy may also be useful.??

Cal State University, Northridge Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

California State University, Northridge is a public university with an acceptance rate of 51%. Located in Los Angeles San Fernando Valley, Cal State Northridge is the largest university (by enrollment) in the  California State University System. The university is made up of nine colleges that offer a total of 68 bachelors and 58 masters degree programs. Business Administration and Psychology are the most popular majors among CSUN undergraduates. In athletics, the CSUN Matadors compete in the NCAA Division I  Big West Conference. Considering applying to Cal State Northridge? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Cal State Northridge had an acceptance rate of 51%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 51 students were admitted, making CSUNs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 34,856 Percent Admitted 51% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 27% SAT Scores and Requirements Cal State Northridge  requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 94% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 470 570 Math 460 560 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Cal State Northridges admitted students fall within the  bottom 29% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Cal State Northridge scored between 470 and 570, while 25% scored below 470 and 25% scored above 570. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 460 and 560, while 25% scored below 460 and 25% scored above 560. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1130 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Cal State Northridge. Requirements Cal State Northridge does not require the SAT writing section. Note that CSUN will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject test scores are not required, but if the score meets a benchmark, it may be used to fulfill certain core course requirements. ACT Scores and Requirements CSUN  requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 22% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 15 22 Math 16 22 Composite 16 22 This admissions data tells us that most of Cal State Northridges admitted students fall within the  bottom 27% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to CSUN received a composite ACT score between 16 and 22, while 25% scored above 22 and 25% scored below 16. Requirements Cal State Northridge does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, CSUN superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Cal State Northridges incoming freshmen class was 3.2. This data suggests that most successful applicants to Cal State Northridge have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Cal State Northridge Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to California State University, Northridge. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and  calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Cal State Northridge, which accepts just over half of applicants, has a selective admissions process. Unlike the  University of California System, the  California State University  admission process is not  holistic. Except for EOP (Educational Opportunity Program) students, applicants do  not  need to submit letters of recommendation or an application essay, and extracurricular involvement is not part of the standard application. Instead, admissions are  based primarily on an  eligibility index  that combines GPA and test scores. Minimum high school course requirements (A-G college preparatory requirements) include four years of English; three years of math; two years of history and social science; two years of laboratory science; two years of a foreign language other than English; one year of visual or performing arts; and one year of a college preparatory elective. The reasons why an applicant with adequate scores and grades would be rejected tends to come down t o factors such as insufficient college preparatory classes, high school classes that werent challenging, or an incomplete application. Be aware that California State University, Northridge is designated as  impacted because it receives more applications than can be accommodated. Impacted CSUN majors include: Business and Finance, Biology, Cinema and Television Arts, Communication Studies, Health Sciences, Kinesiology, Music, and Psychology. Each of the impacted programs have additional requirements for eligibility. In the graph above, the green and blue dots represent accepted students. As you can see, most students who were accepted to Cal State Northridge had grades in the B- range or higher, SAT scores (ERWM) of 850 or higher, and ACT scores of 16 or higher. However, note that there are some red data points (rejected students) scattered throughout the graph. Some students with grades and test scores that seem to be on target for CSUN were rejected. If You Like CSUN, You May Also Like These Schools University of California - MercedUniversity  of California - Santa CruzHarvey Mudd CollegeCalifornia State University, Los Angeles All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and California State University, Northridge Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The Causes And Effects Of The American Civil War - 1815 Words

Kevin Kosky James T. Vaughn Correctional Center September 9, 2014 The Causes and Effects of the American Civil War State Standard: H.4.A In 1860, Abraham Lincoln, a member of the anti-slavery Republican Party, was elected President of the United States (Hassler). Because his presidency was viewed by many southerners as a threat to the southern way of life, most southern states seceded from the Union and organized as the Confederate States of America (â€Å"Effects†). States that bordered the North and the South, such as Delaware, Maryland, and Missouri, were forced to choose sides (Gates). Although it was traditionally a slave state, Delaware’s proximity to Philadelphia and its reliance on maritime access were factors that Lincoln used to win Delaware’s Union loyalty (Gates). On April 12, 1861, the American Civil War officially commenced when a federal garrison of roughly eighty-five soldiers was overtaken by Confederate troops at Fort Sumter, South Carolina (â€Å"Causes†). The Civil War was the deadliest war ever waged on American soil (â€Å"Effects†). There were an estimated 1.5 million soldiers that represented the North’s Union army and another 800,000 that comprized the South’s Confederate forces (Hassler). In all, there were over 600,000 killed and another 500,000 wounded (Gates). Three of the main causes of the American Civil War were the economic and social differences between the North and the South, the battle over states’ rights versus federal rights, and the fight betweenShow MoreRelated Causes and Effects of the American Civil War Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat in the Civil War, America lost the most men ever? After four years and over 600,000 American lives, the Union (North) prevailed in wearing down and forcing the Confederacy (South) to surrender. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, the Missouri Compromise, and the Dred Scott case contributed greatly to the Civil War. After the Civil War, the Southern economy was devastated with millions of homeless, while the northern economy boomed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eli Whitney created one of the first causes of the Civil. In 1793Read MoreWhat Caused The American Civil War1634 Words   |  7 PagesWhat caused the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865? There has been several different debates and disputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of theRead MoreThe American Civil War, Wars, And Rumors Of Wars1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War Wars, Wars and rumors of wars!!!! Everyone knows the United States has had its fair share of wars. Let me start by giving you a brief list of wars the United States has participated in according to Wikipedia. Both â€Å"Barbary Wars (1801-1805, 1815-1816), Wars of 1812, Mexican-American War (1846-48), American Civil War (1861-65), Indian War (1865-91), Spanish-American War( 1898), Philippine-American War (1899-1902) Border War(Mexican Revolutionary)1910-1919, World War I (1917-18)Read MoreCivil War : A War Between Citizens Of The Same Country1609 Words   |  7 PagesEmma Hart Mrs. Wise History 8Y 11 December 2014 Civil War Civil War is defined as a war between citizens of the same country. Why would America have this fight? The Northern states of America decided that they would no longer tolerate the Southern states treating African Americans as slaves because of the color of their skin. When disputes were brought up over this issue between the North and South, the South was too persistent to have slaves. They worried that the North would be successful inRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for th eir economy in regardsRead MoreVictory of the North1306 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many causes that led to the victory of the North, as well as many effects that follow their victory. Three important causes that led to the victory of the North are economic growth, secession, and the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Three important effects that followed the victory of the Northern States in the American Civil War are emancipation, a new financial system, and political freedom. The Civil War of America has been discussed as the first modern war of the new industrialRead MoreThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War1587 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War The time of the American Revolution was the most critical period of time in all of American history. This was a period of time in which the foundation of our nation was set down: a strong foundation will lead us to greatness, a weak foundation will not. Along the path, if a part of the foundation crumbles or falls, it will take immense energy to fix it, and even if it heals, it heals with an ugly scar, a mark in our history. The mistakesRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War of the United States was a major and influential event in the history of our country. The Civil War shaped our nation and how we think of liberty in general. Such a big event in our antiquity must have been caused by a series of dominant events. However, a War of this size has many effects to go along with it. The most common effect thought of is the freedom of slaves, however, the Civil War was not just a war fought for freedom. One major cause of the Civil War was the issue of slaveryRead MoreThe During The Civil War875 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades that proceeded before the Civil War had taken place, Americans witnessed an abundance of trial, error, and triumph during their attempt to revise the American society. Some of the main focal points of the remaking of our society would have been the Market Revolution, Urbanization, Abolition, States Rights and Westward Expansion. Without these contributing factors, our society may not have excelled in the ways that it did prior to the Civil War. (The Pre-Civil War Era (1815–1850). SparkNotesRead MoreEssay on Boss713 Words   |  3 Pagesdid the labor system of white indentured servitude work, and why did plantation owners replace it African slavery? Explain how the African slave trade developed? 5. How did the British victory in the Seven Years War ironically become one of the precipitating causes of the American Revolution? What deeply rooted historical factors moved America towards independence from Britain? 6. What were the primary achievements and failures of the US under the Articles of Confederation? What essentially

Nanotechnology newest technological wonder Free Essays

Current researches are optimistic on the potentials of nanotechnology as the latest technological wonders with both environmental soundness and promise for health applications. Its advent has created promising application in various areas of human endeavors. It has made impression in the areas of novel foods, medical devices, chemical coatings, personal health testing kits, sensors for security systems, water purification units for manned space craft, displays for hand-held computer games, and high-resolution cinema screens (European Commission 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Nanotechnology: newest technological wonder or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent discoveries point to the application of these minute biological machines in health and genetics. Seferos, D. S., Giljohann, D.A., Hill, H. D., Prigodich, A. E. and. Mirkin, C. A. (2007) use nano-flares in their research to study the structures of RNA in living cells. The nano-flares, made of oligonucleotide-functionalized nanoparticle conjugates, are designed to provide an intracellular fluorescence signal that correlates with the relative amount of a specific intracellular RNA (Seferos et al. 2007). Nano-flares would become the newest class of intracellular probe and can make possible applications as cellular transfection, enzymatic protection, RNA detection and quantification, cell sorting, gene profiling, and real-time drug validation studies, and as gene regulation agents. This particular technology application is an illustration of how versatile the nanotechnology is. The relative advantage is that it penetrates into areas where conventional technologies cannot. While we agree that you only have to spend millions marketing something if its worth is in doubt, we see the promise of nanotechnology as revolutionizing. Investment in these area maybe huge initially but as the advantage of its effects is felt, more industries would be expected to adopt the technology and more people would benefit from it. References European Commission. (2008). Nanotechnology application areas. Retrieved February 15, 2008 Industrial Technology Research Institute. (2008, January 18). Application of nanotechnology in traditional industry. Retrieved February 15, 2008 Meadows, D. (1999, August 26). Seven-Plus Wonders of Sustainability. Retrieved February 15, 2008, from http://www.pcdf.org/meadows/7wonders.html Seferos, D. S., Giljohann, D.A., Hill, H. D., Prigodich, A. E. and. Mirkin, C. A. (2007). Nano-Flares: Probes for Transfection and mRNA Detection in Living Cells. Journal of American Chemical Society, 129.50, 15477-15479. Retrieved February 15, 2008, from http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/sample.cgi/jacsat/2007/129/i50/pdf/ja0776529.pdf    How to cite Nanotechnology: newest technological wonder, Essay examples

The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Review Essay Example

The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Review Paper Essay on The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Perla, you began to ask questions, but there is no objection to the substance of your not one, but at the end you suddenly zavazhnichali: convinced not convinced (!)? Really, you somehow lost sight of that I did not plan to convince you we are, to put it mildly, different reference groups. But people read its good! So, the results: 1) works the one who creates surplus value, all participants in the secondary distribution, like realtors resells distributed; 2) The term earn these (essentially parasites) agents used only with ideological purpose: to hide Social CHEATING these relations over the production and distribution; 3) market relations at the Russian housing stock speculation are complementary purely subordinate character, they are entirely controlled and therefore extremely inefficient. 4) hence exorbitant prices and the accumulation of empty housing stock, the owner (and therefore the owner, the manager and the user) which remains politaristov class; 5) Compensate ineffi ciency must resale agents so-called realtors their number in particular ( piyavochki, Shrimp, razzyavochki ). 6) Modern superekonomicheskaya theory, in fact, of course, political economy, is impossible without the knowledge and application of the system of concepts, developed by K. Marx in Capital, no class analysis of the Russian society. And now try to prove at least one point that I was engaged in verbiage gave some of his illusions of the real state of affairs. And well see what the rhetoric youll get out this time. The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Review Essay Example The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Review Paper Essay on The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success No, of course not correct! Read a lecture on tsennobrazovaniyu? Prices are determined, first of all, the type of property: the more developed Wed-va pr-va within the framework of these relations in the average lower value of the goods of similar quality. Exorbitant housing prices the protection of the interests of the inefficient proprietor of the influence of the laws of the market and market relations by artificial means from the arsenal of non-market economy, which we act as full ownership of the state not only in the means of production and products, but also the supreme ownership of the identity of all people caught up in its territory. Market relations are here in complete subjection, and under the complete control of the supreme owner the state. At the same time the supreme officials are not personalized owners, but only corporate, that is, as the theory says, only taken together. And only with the consent and under their supervision may be the so-called the so-called real e state transactions. And there are no illusions about the so-called market should not be. Therefore, realtors small agents of our colossal bureaucratic apparatus, the so-called interests of the conductors politarnoy property (from the Greek politeya -. State), or her subordinates bourgeois ownership. And it is true that there is no crime, which would not have gone this public Realtors (mean of course sense) when prices politarizm service. A demagogy of quasi-economic writings (they are innumerable) should immediately send to where it is the place in the trash, the toilet, the authors and publishers, You Say, snake The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Review Essay Example The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Review Paper Essay on The Occupation realtor. 48 steps on the road to success Clearly, no luck. What is the meaning of Marxs theory of the modern economy, and not only try to explain the triple quotes, people far from markszima, but interested in understanding the true state of affairs. One of them the largest economist XX century. Wassily Leontief (1906 1999). In his article, The modern meaning of the economic theory of Karl Marx, wrote: Marx was a great connoisseur of the nature of the capitalist system If, before trying to give any explanation of economic development, one wants to know what in fact represent a return , wages, capitalist enterprise, it can get in the three volumes of Capital more realistic and qualitative information from the source than the one he could find ten consecutive editions of US census, in the village Ugine textbooks on modern economy and even, dare I say it, in the collection of works by Thorsten Veblen. Another Zbigniew Brzezinski an ardent anti-communist, to suspect that in the love of Marxism, there is no reason. But he, preferring not to fall into the illusion, wrote: Marxism is a new, very important stage in the development of the human world. Marxism is winning actively related to the external world of man over a passive, contemplative man, and at the same time the mind win over the faith Marxism puts in the first place systematically and rigorously scientific study of reality, as well as management actions arising from this study. Finally one right publicist writing, too funny this way: Neither Marx nor his theory could not foresee one thing: that at the end of the 1990s, when long ago written off, even self-indulgence liberals and leftist postmodernists, he unexpectedly be proclaimed the genius of the most wicked staroburzhuaznymi capitalists. The first signs of this quirky revaluation came in October 1997 when, in a special edition of The New Yorker Karl Marx was treated kindly as a great thinker of the future as a man capable of a lot to tell us about political corruption, monopolization, exclusion, inequality and global markets . The more I work at Wal Street, the more convinced that Marx was right, he said in an interview with the magazine, a wealthy investor. I am absolutely convinced that Marxs method perfect for the study of capitalism. Since then, the right-wing economists and journalists vied with each other in a hurry with praise. Ignoring all communist nonsense, they say, Marx was a true apostle of capitalism. (F.Uin. Karl Marx. Translated from angl.A.Yu. Shmanevskogo. M. OOO Izdatelstvo AST, 2003).

Nicaragua Geography, History, Climate Facts

Nicaragua Geography, History, Climate Facts Population: 5,891,199 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: ManaguaBordering Countries: Costa Rica and HondurasLand Area: 50,336 square miles (130,370 sq km)Coastline: 565 miles (910 km)Highest Point: Mogoton at 7,998 feet (2,438 m) Nicaragua is a country located in Central America to the south of Honduras and to the north of Costa Rica. It is the largest country by area in Central America and its capital and largest city is Managua. One-quarter of the countrys population lives in the city. Like many other countries in Central America, Nicaragua is known for its high levels of biodiversity and unique ecosystems. History of Nicaragua Nicaraguas name comes from its native peoples that lived there in the late 1400s and early 1500s. Their chief was named Nicarao. Europeans did not arrive in Nicaragua until 1524 when Hernandez de Cordoba founded Spanish settlements there. In 1821, Nicaragua gained its independence from Spain. Following its independence, Nicaragua underwent frequent civil wars as rival political groups struggled for power. In 1909, the United States intervened in the country after hostilities grew between Conservatives and Liberals due to plans to build a trans-isthmian canal. From 1912 to 1933, the U.S. had troops in the country to prevent hostile actions towards Americans working on the canal there. In 1933, U.S. troops left Nicaragua and Nation Guard Commander Anastasio Somoza Garcia became president in 1936. He attempted to keep strong ties with the U.S. and his two sons succeeded him in office. In 1979, there was an uprising by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) and the Somoza familys time in office ended. Shortly thereafter, the FSLN formed a dictatorship under leader Daniel Ortega. The actions of Ortega and his dictatorship ended friendly relations with the U.S. and in 1981, the U.S. suspended all foreign aid to Nicaragua. In 1985, an embargo was also placed on trade between the two countries. In 1990 due to pressure from within and outside of Nicaragua, Ortegas regime agreed to hold elections in February of that year. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro won the election. During Chamorros time in office, Nicaragua moved toward creating a more democratic government, stabilizing the economy and improving human rights issues that had occurred during Ortegas time in office. In 1996, there was another election and the former mayor of Managua, Arnoldo Aleman won the presidency. Alemans presidency, however, had severe issues with corruption and in 2001, Nicaragua again held presidential elections. This time, Enrique Bolanos won the presidency and his campaign pledged to improve the economy, build jobs and end government corruption. Despite these goals,  however, subsequent Nicaraguan elections have been marred with corruption and in 2006 Daniel Ortega ​Saavdra, an FSLN candidate, was elected. Government of Nicaragua Today Nicaraguas government is considered a republic. It has an executive branch made up of a chief of state and a head of government, both of which are filled by the president and a legislative branch comprised of a unicameral National Assembly. Nicaraguas judicial branch consists of a Supreme Court. Nicaragua is divided into 15 departments and two autonomous regions for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Nicaragua Nicaragua is considered the poorest country in Central America and as such, it has very high unemployment and poverty. Its economy is based mainly on agriculture and industry, with its top industrial products being food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear,  and wood. Nicaraguas main crops are coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton, rice, corn, tobacco, sesame, soya, and beans. Beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products, shrimp,  and lobster are also large industries in Nicaragua.​ Geography, Climate,  and Biodiversity of Nicaragua Nicaragua is a large country located in Central America between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Its terrain is mostly coastal plains that eventually rise up to interior mountains. On the Pacific side of the country, there is a narrow coastal plain that is dotted with volcanoes. The climate of Nicaragua is considered tropical in its lowlands with cool temperatures at its higher elevations. Nicaraguas capital, Managua, has warm temperatures year-round that hover around 88ËšF (31ËšC). Nicaragua is known for its biodiversity because rainforest covers 7,722 square miles (20,000 sq km) of the countrys Caribbean lowlands. As such, Nicaragua is home to large cats like the jaguar and cougar, as well as primates, insects and a plethora of different plants. More Facts About Nicaragua Nicaraguas life expectancy is 71.5 years Nicaraguas Independence Day is September 15 Spanish is the official language of Nicaragua but English and other native languages are also spoken Sources: Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Nicaragua.  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nu.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Nicaragua: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com.  infoplease.com/ipa/A0107839.htmlUnited States Department of State. Nicaragua.  state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1850.htmWikipedia.com.  Ã‚  Nicaragua - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.  Ã‚  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua.

Cómo completar las planillas de Inmigración

Cà ³mo completar las planillas de Inmigracià ³n Las peticiones al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Naturalizacià ³n (USCIS, siglas en inglà ©s), se hacen rellenando la planilla correspondiente al beneficio que se solicita. Cà ³mo obtener las planillas de Inmigracià ³n Los formularios para solicitar beneficios migratorios son gratuitos. Casi todos pueden encontrarse en internet en la pgina del USCIS. Adems, las personas que residen en Estados Unidos pueden tambià ©n solicitar por internet en la pgina de USCIS que se les envà ­en por correo ordinario los formularios. Tambià ©n se puede realizar la misma solicitud marcando al 1-800-870-3676. Es requisito saber quà © nà ºmero de formulario es el que precisa. En un plazo de 10 dà ­as se recibir en casa la planilla solicitada. Todos los formularios se pueden rellenar en papel y, algunos, tambià ©n pueden ser completados y/o enviados por internet. 9 tips para rellenar las planillas en papel de Inmigracià ³n Las reglas generales que deben seguirse son las siguientes: Escribir con tinta negra, preferentemente en letras mayà ºsculas y que puedan fcilmente leerse. Para espacio adicional, si para contestar a alguna pregunta de la planilla se necesita ms espacio, tomar una hoja en blanco y seguir con la respuesta. Adems, firmar esa hoja, ponerle fecha, y el nà ºmero de la pregunta que se est respondiendo. En el caso de que se tenga un nà ºmero del alien registration number, deber tambià ©n incluirse en dicha hoja adicional. Cuando una pregunta no aplique, responder N/A y cuando la respuesta correcta sea â€Å"ninguno†, anotar NONE. Pero no dejar en blanco ese espacio. Para adjuntar la documentacià ³n adicional, como pueden ser pasaportes, tarjetas de residencia, certificados de matrimonio, calificaciones escolares o profesionales, etc. Salvo que se especifique otra cosa, es suficiente adjuntar una fotocopia legible de los documentos. Es recomendable leer con detenimiento las instrucciones de cada formulario. Cabe destacar que si no es necesario enviar el original de un documento pero se envà ­a, USCIS no lo regresa. Debe traducirse al inglà ©s todo documentos que està © en otro idioma. En la mayorà ­a de los casos, no es necesario contratar a un traductor jurado, ni obtener la Apostilla de la Haya ni la firma de un notario pà ºblico. Como regla general, es suficiente que la traduccià ³n la realice una persona con buen conocimiento de los dos idiomas y que asà ­ lo certifique siguiendo este modelo de carta. El pago puede hacerse por money order o cheque o tarjeta de dà ©bito o crà ©dito. En este à ºltimo caso, solo si se envà ­a una solicitud a un lockbox de USCIS. En algunos casos, como en la solicitud I-131A de aplicacià ³n de documento para viajar, es posible pagar online. Si se paga mediante money order o cheque, debe ser pagable a U.S. Department of Homeland Security, por una cantidad en dà ³lares y el cheque o la money order debe ser de un banco radicado en Estados Unidos. Es muy importante no utilizar iniciales. Es decir, no escribir cosas como DHS o USCIS.   Precisamente la verificacià ³n de que se ha efectuado el pago es una de las primeras seà ±ales de que la oficina de inmigracià ³n ha recibido la peticià ³n. Si se desea pagar con una tarjeta de crà ©dito o dà ©bito Visa, MasterCard, American Express o Discovery debe completarse el formulario G-1450. Si cuando USCIS intenta cobrar no hay fondos suficientes, se rechazar la solicitud ya que no intentar el cobro una segunda vez. Para pagar con tarjeta de crà ©dito o dà ©bito debe tratarse de una peticià ³n o solicitud enviada a un lockbox de USCIS. Como ejemplo de dichas peticiones destacan I-130 para peticià ³n de familiar, I-485 para ajuste de estatus, N-400 para solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, etc. Todos los documentos deben firmarse, se puede firmar en tinta azul o negra. Pero recordar que el formulario solo se puede completar en tinta de color negra. Bajo ningà ºn concepto utilizar colores tipo verde, rojo, etc., ya que la peticià ³n ser rechazada. Verificar si se califica para no pagar la tarifa  al USCIS. En casos muy especà ­ficos, puede solicitarse a USCIS no pagar por la cuota de una solicitud cuando pueda alegarse problemas econà ³micos y se estn recibiendo beneficios como Medicaid, cupones de alimentos (SNAP), SSI o TANF. Mentir en una planilla para obtener un beneficio migratorio es un fraude de ley que puede tener  consecuencias graves. Planillas que pueden rellenarse electrà ³nicamente El USCIS permite que se completen por internet ciertas planillas en lo que se conoce como e-filing. Entre las planillas que pueden rellenarse electrà ³nicamente destacan el AR-11 para notificar el cambio de domicilio, el I-90 para reemplazar la tarjeta de residencia, el N-400 para solicitar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n o el N-600 para la aplicacià ³n de la emisià ³n del Certificado de Ciudadanà ­a. Para completar de este modo las planillas ser necesario crearse previamente una cuenta en la pgina web del USCIS y seguir las instrucciones pertinentes para cada formulario. En estos casos de e-filing, el pago por la solicitud a la que se aplica puede hacerse mediante tarjeta de crà ©dito, dà ©bito o transferencia bancaria desde una cuenta corriente o de ahorro. Al acabar de rellenar el formulario se recibir una confirmacià ³n de que el USCIS ha recibido la aplicacià ³n. En esa confirmacià ³n aparecer una direccià ³n. Debe enviarse a dicha direccià ³n la documentacià ³n adicional que se necesita en los 7 dà ­as siguientes a haber rellenado la solicitud por internet. Estos documentos que deben adjuntarse estn los que prueban la identidad de la persona que realiza la peticià ³n y tambià ©n su derecho al beneficio que solicita. Por ejemplo, copia de la tarjeta de residencia o de un certificado de nacimiento o matrimonio. El tipo de documentacià ³n adicional depende del tipo de solicitud. En general, ser suficiente una fotocopia legible del documento que se solicita y, si algà ºn documento est en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s, enviarlo traducido. Adems hay que incluir como primera pgina la pgina en la que se ha imprimido la confirmacià ³n de haber realizado la peticià ³n por internet –sà ³lo esa hoja, no copias de toda la solicitud. En los casos en los que tambià ©n se deba enviar fotografà ­as en color tipo pasaporte, estas deben reunir los mismos requisitos que las fotos que se piden cuando se solicita una visa o pasaporte. Deben de tener menos de 30 dà ­as y anotar en el reverso con un lpiz el nà ºmero de confirmacià ³n de la solicitud rellenada por internet y, en los casos en los que sea necesario, el nà ºmero que corresponda al alien registration number. Si no se envà ­an estos documentos, es posible que se cancele la peticià ³n. En algunos casos, se recibir una cara de Peticià ³n de Evidencia (RFE, siglas en inglà ©s) pidiendo la documentacià ³n y fijando un plazo para no enviarla. Sin esos documentos no se tramitar la peticià ³n y se perder el dinero ya abonado. Asesorà ­a para completar las planillas de Inmigracià ³n Si se desea obtener un beneficio migratorio es muy importante estar correctamente asesorado con un buen abogado. Si no se puede pagar, existen organizaciones reputadas que brindan ayuda para llenar los formularios migratorios. En el caso de ser mexicano, se puede llamar a un telà ©fono de consulta donde dan buenas referencias sobre donde buscar ayuda para estos casos. Cà ³mo seguir un caso migratorio Una vez que el USCIS recibe la papelerà ­a, la persona interesada tiene a su disposicià ³n distintas  maneras para informarse de cà ³mo va el caso, desde marcando a seguimiento online o a presentarse en una oficina migratoria. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que los formularios tienen un tiempo de tramitacià ³n que depende de su categorà ­a y de la oficina que debe tramitarlo. USCIS no dar ninguna informacià ³n mientras no llega el tiempo de procesamiento porque, sencillamente, no tiene nada de lo que brindar informacià ³n. Puntos Clave: rellenar formularios de USCIS Los formularios de USCIS pueden obtenerse gratuitamente en la pgina oficial del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n.Los formularios pueden ser en papel y, en algunas solicitudes, es posible utilizar el sistema e-filing, es decir, solicitar un beneficio o presentar una peticià ³n por internet.Todos los formularios deben firmarse.Los formularios en papel deben completarse en tinta negra, escribir N/A como respuesta a las preguntas que no aplican y NONE cuando la respuesta sea ninguno.Pueden aà ±adirse hojas en blanco para incorporar ms informacià ³n.Toda la documentacià ³n adjunta debe traducirse al inglà ©s, si estuviera en un idioma distintoEn principio, no debe enviarse documentacià ³n original y es suficiente copia legible.Puede pagarse con money order, cheque o tarjeta de crà ©dito o dà ©bito.Mentir en un formulario de USCIS para obtener un beneficio migratorio es un fraude de ley, el cual tiene consecuencias graves. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.